Changes in food habits and food-related satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in dual-earner families with adolescents

Introduction: Food habits have been associated with positive outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Family members may share protective factors, but each member may also respond differently to the pandemic. Aim: To examine food habits in different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescents, comparing reports from late 2019 before the pandemic (T1) and mid- 2020 during the pandemic (T2) in Temuco, Chile. Method: A sample of 193 families composed of mother, father, and one adolescent aged 10 to 15 responded to a questionnaire at T1 and T2. Non-parametric tests were used to compare family food-related habits and the satisfaction with food-related life of each family member at T1 and T2. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was conducted to explore relations between T1 and T2 variables and between family members. Results: Frequency of family meals increased during the pandemic, and mothers increased their cooking hours. All family members improved their diet quality during the pandemic. Perceived family meal atmosphere and satisfaction with food-related life did not change. T1 food habits were not associated with T2 satisfaction with food-related life. Conclusion: These families changed their food-related habits during the pandemic, but their food-related life assessment was similar before and during the pandemic.

Introducción: Las prácticas alimentarias se han asociado con mayor bienestar durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Aunque en una familia se comparten condiciones de vida, cada miembro puede responder de modo diferente a la pandemia. Objetivo: Examinar las prácticas alimentarias en parejas con doble ingreso e hijos adolescentes, comparando reportes antes de la pandemia (finales de 2019, T1) y durante la pandemia (mediados de 2020, T2) en Temuco, Chile. Método: 193 familias compuestas por madre, padre y un hijo adolescente de 10 a 15 años respondieron un cuestionario en T1 y T2. Se utilizaron pruebas no-paramétricas para comparar hábitos alimentarios y satisfacción con la alimentación para cada miembro de la familia en T1 y T2. Se exploraron las relaciones entre variables en T1 y T2, y entre miembros de la familia usando el modelo de interdependencia de actor-compañero. Resultados: La frecuencia de las comidas familiares y las horas que la madre dedicó diariamente a cocinar aumentaron durante la pandemia. Los tres miembros de la familia mejoraron la calidad de su dieta durante la pandemia. La atmósfera percibida de comidas familiares y la satisfacción con la alimentación no cambiaron. Los hábitos alimentarios del T1 no incidieron en la satisfacción con la alimentación en T2. Conclusión: Los hábitos alimenticios de estas familias cambiaron durante la pandemia, pero la evaluación de su vida alimentaria fue similar antes y durante la pandemia.

Masculinidade hegemônica e violência em casais gays: uma leitura psicanalítica / Hegemonic masculinity and violence in gay couples: a psychoanalytic reading

ABSTRACT: The initial purpose of this paper is to analyze the literature on hegemonic masculinity and its intersection with violence in intimate gay couples. As a result, it is identified that hegemonic masculinity is a historical, social and cultural construction that, in order to perpetuate its power over other masculinities "contaminated by the feminine", employs diverse mechanisms of violence, sometimes imperceptible to those who experience it. Psychoanalytically oriented, a case is analyzed to obtain empirical information and to situate the reality of the phenomenon beyond heteronormative parameters, while offering a methodology to investigate the problem.

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo inicial uma análise da literatura sobre masculinidade hegemônica e sua interseção com a violência em casais gays íntimos. Como resultado, identifica-se que a masculinidade hegemônica é uma construção histórica, social e cultural que, para perpetuar seu poder sobre outras masculinidades "contaminadas pelo feminino", utiliza vários mecanismos de violência às vezes imperceptíveis por quem a vive. De orientação psicanalítica, analisamos um caso que nos permite obter informações empíricas e colocar a realidade do fenômeno além dos parâmetros heteronormativos, oferecendo um método metodológico para investigar o problema.

Genetic Analysis and Prenatal Diagnosis of Thalassemia in Couples of Childbearing Age in Quanzhou Region Fujian Province, China / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genotypes and prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in couples of childbearing age in Quanzhou, Fujian Province.@*METHODS@#Blood routine and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed for initial thalassemia screening in 76 328 couples in Quanzhou region from July 2017 to July 2020. The couples with positive initial screening results further underwent thalassemia gene test. Couples carrying homotypic thalassemia genes underwent prenatal diagnosis in the second trimester.@*RESULTS@#Among 76 328 couples of childbearing age, 1 809 couples of positive initial thalassemia screening were identified, with the positive rate about 2.37%. Further results of genetic detection of the 1 809 couples showed that 985 cases were diagnosed as α- thalassemia, of which --sea/αα was the most frequency, followed by -α3.7/αα and ααQS/αα; 296 cases were diagnosed as β-thalassemia, the most frequency mutations were 654M/N and 41-42M/N; 26 cases of compound α and β-thalassemia were detected. In addition, 3 rare cases of thalassemia were detected, including --THAI/αα, SEA-HPFH, and -α6.9/--sea. Among them, 108 couples were confirmed as homologous thalassemia, with the detection rate about 5.97%, including 96 couples of homologous α-thalassemia, 9 couples of homologous β-thalassemia, and 3 couples with one had compound α- and β-thalassemia. Among them, 17 couples with homologous α-thalassemia underwent prenatal diagnosis in the second trimester, of which 1 case of Hb Bart's Hydrops Syndrome, 3 cases of HbH disease, 9 cases of silent thalassemia or α-thalassemia minor, and 4 cases of healthy fetuses were detected. Fetal chromosome karyotype analysis showed that 16 cases were normal and 1 case diagnosed as Down syndrome.@*CONCLUSION@#Thalassemia screening in pre-marital and pre-pregnancy, and prenatal diagnosis can effectively reduce the birth of children with thalassemia intermediate and thalassemia major. It is necessary to perform chromosome karyotype analysis at the same time as prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia gene in order to avoid fetus with abnormal chromosome.

Fazer análise em língua estrangeira? / Psychoanalysis in a foreign language? / ¿Psicoanálisis en lengua extranjera? / L'analyse en langue étrangère ?

Este artigo discute a questão da língua escolhida para fazer análise. O trabalho parte dos entraves no trabalho psicanalítico na língua materna de um analisando para pensar clínica e teoricamente a escolha de uma língua estrangeira como potente para expressar e se aprofundar na vida emocional dos sujeitos. O objetivo é problematizar os casos de pessoas polilíngues, bilíngues e as que só falam a língua materna, pensando a língua como um meio de manifestação da vida psíquica em psicanálise. Por meio de casos clínicos discutimos o uso da língua materna e de uma língua estrangeira para fazer análise, os mal-entendidos vinculares em casais interculturais e entre os migrantes no processo de elaboração do luto pela terra abandonada e a insegurança quanto à nova língua a ser aprendida no país de acolhimento.

This article discusses the language chosen for analysis. Beginning from the obstacles in psychoanalysis in the mother tongue of an analysand, analizing clinically and theoretically, the choice of a foreign language as a powerful way to express and deepen the peoples' emotional life. The objective of this paper is to examine cases of polylingual, bilingual and those who only speak their mother tongue, in which language is used as a means of expression of psychic life in psychoanalysis. Clinical cases are used to discuss subjects as: the usage of the mother tongue and a foreign language for analysis, the misunderstandings in intercultural couples, and migrants in the process of mourning the abandoned country as well as coping with the insecurities that arise from the need of learning a new language in the host country.

Este artículo discute el tema del idioma elegido para el análisis. El trabajo parte de los obstáculos en el trabajo psicoanalítico en la lengua materna de un analizando, para pensar clínica y teóricamente, la elección de una lengua extranjera como una forma poderosa de expresar y profundizar sobre la vida emocional de los sujetos. El objetivo es problematizar los casos de personas polilingües, bilingües y aquellos que solo hablan su lengua materna, pensando en el idioma como un medio de manifestación de la vida psíquica en psicoanálisis. A través de casos clínicos se discute el uso de la lengua materna y la lengua extranjera para el análisis, los malentendidos entre parejas interculturales y los migrantes en proceso de duelo por la tierra abandonada y la inseguridad sobre la nueva lengua a aprender en el país de acogida.

Cet article aborde la question du langage choisi pour l'analyse. Cet ouvrage part des obstacles dans le travail psychanalytique dans la langue maternelle d'un analysant à penser cliniquement et théoriquement, le choix d'une langue étrangère comme moyen puissant d'exprimer et d'approfondir la vie émotionnelle des sujets. L'objectif est de problématiser les cas des polylingues, des bilingues et de ceux qui ne parlent que leur langue maternelle, en pensant le langage comme moyen de manifestation de la vie psychique en psychanalyse. À travers des cas cliniques, nous discutons de l'utilisation de la langue maternelle et d'une langue étrangère pour l'analyse, des incompréhensions entre couples interculturels et migrants en train de faire le deuil de la terre abandonnée et de l'insécurité face à la nouvelle langue à apprendre dans le pays d'accueil.

A família multiespécie: um estudo sobre casais sem filhos e tutores de pets / Multi-species family: a study about couples without children and pet owners

Atualmente, dentre os diversos arranjos familiares, a família multiespécie, composta tanto por humanos, como por animais tem aumentado no contexto social. Nestas famílias, verifica-se que muitos casais optam por não ter filhos ou adiam a maternidade/paternidade, cuidando de seus pets como membros da família. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a motivação dos casais que optam por não ter filhos e que possuem animais de estimação. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito indivíduos em união estável. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir da análise temática. Foi encontrado que os casais consideram seus pets como membros da família e alguns casais os tratam como filhos, porém compreendem a diferença entre ter um pet e um filho. Por fim, percebeu-se a escassez de pesquisas referentes a casais sem filhos e com pets no contexto brasileiro, desse modo, são necessárias novas pesquisas nesta área.

Currently, amongst the various family arrangements, the multi-species family, composed of both humans and animals are growing in the social environment. Many couples in these families appear not to want to have children or just postpone it, taking care of their pets as family members. Therefore, this research intents to help in comprehension of the motivation behind these scenarios, where couples choose not to have children and have pets instead. An exploratory and qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with eight individuals in a common-law marriage. The interviews were analyzed based on the thematic analysis. It was discovered that the couples consider pets as their family members and also some of the couples treat them as their children, but they understand the differences between having a pet and having a child. Lastly, there is a lack of research with couples with pets and without children in the Brazillian environment, so further research in this area is needed.

Violencia intragénero entre parejas homosexuales en universitarios de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Intra-gender violence in homosexual university students from Bucaramanga, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: Las investigaciones sobre violencia en la pareja se han centrado principalmente en el estudio de las parejas heterosexuales y son escasos los datos sobre la violencia de parejas del mismo sexo en el noviazgo. Objetivo: Analizar la violencia intragénero entre parejas homosexuales en universitarios de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cuantitativa con muestreo tipo bola de nieve mediante el cual se obtuvo una población de 132 participantes mayores de 18 años. Se aplicó el instrumento pre-validado Lista de Chequeo de Experiencias de Maltrato en la Pareja. Los datos se analizaron con el software SPSS, versión 23, mediante la prueba X 2 y ANOVA Unidireccional, considerando un α=0,05. Resultados: El 91,7% de los participantes fue violentado por lo menos con una de las conductas de estudio, la violencia predominante en las parejas fue la psicológica, seguida de la violencia emocional, la violencia física, la violencia sexual y, por último, la violencia económica. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para algunos ítems del instrumento entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: La violencia psicológica tuvo mayor presencia en los participantes.

Abstract Introduction: Research on partner violence has mainly focused on studies of heterosexual couples, while data on same-sex dating violence are scarce. Objective: To analyze intra-gender violence in homosexual university couples in Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: A quantitative research with a snowball sampling approach was applied to obtain a population of 132 participants who were older than 18 years of age. The pre-validated instrument Check List for Partner Abuse Experience was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 23), using the X2 test and one-way ANOVA, considering an α=0.05. Results: 91.7% of participants experience violence with at least one of the studied behaviors. Psychological violence was the most predominant form in the studied couples, followed by emotional, physical, sexual, and economic violence. Significant differences between males and females were found for some items of the instrument. Conclusions: Psychological violence was the most frequent in the study's participants.

Principales causas de infertilidad en parejas atendidas en consulta municipal, Policlínico Guillermo Tejas Silva de Las Tunas / Main causes of infertility in couples treated in municipal consultation, Guillermo Tejas Silva de Las Tunas Polyclinical Hospital

Teniendo en cuenta que la infertilidad en parejas constituye un problema de Salud Pública en Cuba y ante la necesidad de determinar sus principales causas en parejas infértiles atendidas en consulta municipal de infertilidad Policlínico Guillermo Tejas Silva de la ciudad de Las Tunas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal desde septiembre de 2017 a mayo del 2018, con un universo de 88 parejas, los datos fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas. Las principa les causas de infertilidad femenina encontradas fueron los trastornos ovulatorios seguido por el factor tubárico, mientras que en la masculina las testiculares. Predominaron las edades de 29-35 años en mujeres y >35 años en hombres. Según la historia obstétrica anterior prevalecieron las gestaciones previas y abortos espontáneos. La mayoría de las parejas fueron a consulta por una infertilidad secundaria, sin embargo, prevaleció la causa mixta (50%), con una duración invo- luntaria de 4 a 6 años (40,91%). Los hallazgos encontrados en este estudio coinciden de forma general con la literatura científica; pero resultan significativos para contribuir a la solución de los problemas relacionados con la infertilidad en parejas de este municipio tunero

Infertility in couples constitutes a Public Health problem in Cuba. It is evident the need to deter- mine its main causes in infertile couples treated at the municipal infertility consultation at Guillermo Tejas Silva Polyclinic Hospital in the city of Las Tunas. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to May 2018, with a universe of 88 couples, the data were obtained from medical records. The main causes of female infertility found were ovulatory disorders followed by the tubal factor, while in the male, there were testicular ones. The ages of 29-35 years in women and> 35 years in men predominated. According to the previous obstetric history, previous pregnancies and spontaneous abortions prevailed. Most of the couples were consulted for secondary infertility, however, the mixed cause prevailed (50%), with an involun- tary duration of 4 to 6 years (40.91%). The findings coincided with the scientific literature; but they are significant to contribute to the solution of problems related to infertility in couples in this municipality of Las Tunas.

Links among Ambivalent sexism, Gender Role Ideology and domestic and care work in Argentinian households

Abstract The present empirical study inquires on the relations among sexism, gender role ideology and domestic and care work in heterosexual women who share a home with their couples and at least one child, in CABA and GBA (Argentina) in 2019. Two previously existent (Moya, Expósito & Padilla, 2006; Glick & Fiske, 1996) and validated in Argentina scales were used, and a new scale for measuring domestic and care activities was created. A correlational and transversal study with a quantitative approach was carried out, and the data was recollected through an auto-administrated evaluation instrument sent by Facebook and Whatsapp social media. The sample includes 437 cases. Regarding the constructed scale, reliability, exploratory and confirmatory analysis were performed. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation among the dependent and independent variables was identified. It is possible to suggest that the hypothesis presented in this study is partially corroborated, that is, that the domestic and care work type of division is explained by the level of adhesion to the Gender Role Ideology.

Resumen El presente estudio empírico indaga respecto a las relaciones entre el sexismo, la adhesión a la ideología del rol de género y la división del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados en mujeres heterosexuales que viven en pareja y tienen al menos une hije compartiendo el mismo hogar, en CABA y GBA (Argentina) en 2019. Se utilizaron dos escalas existentes (Moya, Expósito y Padilla, 2006; Glick y Fiske, 1996) previamente validadas en Argentina, y se construyó una escala nueva para medir las tareas domésticas y de cuidado. Se realizó un estudio correlacional de corte transversal con un abordaje cuantitativo y los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento de evaluación de índole autoadministrable mediante las redes sociales Facebook y Whatsapp. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 437 casos. Se realizaron los correspondientes análisis de fiabilidad, exploratorio y confirmatorio para la escala construida. Asimismo, se identificó una correlación positiva moderada entre la variable dependiente y las variables independientes. Es posible sugerir que se corrobora parcialmente la hipótesis planteada en este trabajo, es decir, que el tipo de división del trabajo doméstico y de cuidados se explica por el nivel de adhesión a la ideología del rol de género.

Modelo predictivo de conducta de infidelidad sexual entre personas casadas / Predictive model of sexual infidelity behavior among married persons

Resumen La infidelidad marital es relativamente frecuente a pesar de sus consecuencias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un modelo predictivo de la conducta sexual infiel en personas casadas, mediante el análisis de siete variables que participan en el fenómeno de la infidelidad. Se colectó una muestra de 790 personas casadas (53.4 % mujeres y 47.6 % hombres) por rutas al azar en Monterrey, México. Se aplicó la Escala de Valoración de la Relación, Índice de Satisfacción Sexual, Escala de Actitud hacia la Exclusividad Marital, Escalas de Conducta Infiel, Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales y Escala de Engrandecimiento Marital. Se especificó el modelo con 2 variables exógenas correlacionadas (búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y engrandecimiento marital) y 5 variables endógenas (actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital, satisfacción sexual, deseo de infidelidad sexual y conducta de infidelidad sexual). De cada 100 participantes, 6 estaban insatisfechos con su matrimonio, 13 con las relaciones sexuales con su pareja y 20 veían más defectos que virtudes en sus parejas. Además, 83 informaron no incurrir en conductas de infidelidad sexual, 60 indicaron total rechazo hacia la propia infidelidad, 72 no mostraron deseo de infidelidad sexual y 51 reportaron no buscar de sensaciones sexuales. El modelo mostró un efecto grande sobre la conducta de infidelidad sexual, explicando 70.8 % de su varianza, y tuvo un buen ajuste: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03 y SRMR = 0.01. Se concluye que la variable más crítica es el deseo de infidelidad sexual, cuyo determinante más importante es la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. La correlación negativa entre esta última variable y engrandecimiento marital indica que estas 2 variables se pueden modular una a la otra. A su vez, el modelo remarca aspectos de insatisfacción marital y sexual.

Abstract Marital infidelity is relatively frequent despite its consequences. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model of sexual infidelity behavior among married persons, through the analysis of seven variables related to the infidelity construct. A sample of 790 married persons (53.4 % women and 47.6 % men) was collected in Monterrey, Mexico using random route sampling. The Relationship Assessment Scale, Sexual Satisfaction Index, Attitude toward Marital Exclusivity Scale, Unfaithful Behavior Scales, Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, and Marital Aggrandizement Scale were applied. A model with 2 correlated exogenous variables (sexual sensation seeking and marital aggrandizement) and 5 endogenous variables (attitude towards infidelity, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, desire for sexual infidelity, and sexual infidelity behavior) was specified. Six out of 100 participants were dissatisfied with their marriage and 13 with sexual relations with their partner and 20 saw more defects than virtues in their partners. In addition, 83 informed not engaging in sexual infidelity behaviors, 60 indicated total rejection towards own sexual infidelity, 72 showed no desire for sexual infidelity and 51 reported not seeking sexual sensations. The model showed a large effect on the sexual infidelity behavior, explaining 70.8 % of its variance, and had a close fit: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P-value = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03, and SRMR = 0.01. It is concluded that the most critical variable in the model is the desire for sexual infidelity, whose most important determinant was the sexual sensation seeking. The negative correlation between this last variable and marital aggrandizement indicates that these 2 variables can be modulated one to the other. Furthermore, the model highlights aspects of marital and sexual dissatisfaction.

Casais que moram separados (Living Apart Together): Novas perspectivas para configurações familiares / Living apart together: new perspectives on family configurations / Parejas que viven separadas (Living Apart Together): nuevas perspectivas para configuración familiar

Casais que vivem em residências separadas (LAT - Living Apart Together) representam uma configuração conjugal diferente da tradicional. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a configuração conjugal de alguns casais LAT no norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória por meio de amostragem de conveniência. Foram entrevistados cinco casais, com base em um questionário sociodemográfico e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e geraram duas categorias principais: relacionamentos LAT permanente e provisório. Os subtemas comuns às duas categorias foram conjugalidade, coparentalidade e suporte social. O desejo de coabitar mostrou-se presente somente na configuração LAT provisório e nenhum casal reportou experiência de preconceito contra seu tipo de relacionamento.

Couples who living apart together (LAT) represent a new marital relationship, different from the traditional. The aim of this study was to investigate some LAT couples' marital relationships in the north of Rio Grande do Sul. Qualitative and exploratory research was designed with a convenience sample. We interviewed five couples with a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The material was submitted to thematic analysis, which results in two main categories: LAT relationships that are permanent and transitory. Common subthemes to both categories were conjugality, co-parenthood, and social support. The desire for cohabitation was present only in transitory LAT configuration and no couple reported experience of prejudice against their relationship.

Parejas que viven en residencias separadas (LAT - Living Apart Together) representan una configuración conyugal distinta de la tradicional. Este estudio objetivó investigar la configuración conyugal de dos parejas LAT al norte del estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria en un muestreo por conveniencia y se entrevistó cinco parejas, con un cuestionario sociodemográfico y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Un análisis temático mostró la presencia de dos tipos de relaciones de pareja LAT, el permanente y el transitorio. Subtemas comunes a las categorías fueron configuración conyugal, coparentalidad y suporte social. El deseo de cohabitación estuvo presente solamente en la configuración LAT transitoria y ninguna de las parejas reportaron experiencias de prejuicio.

Perspectivas investigativas en torno a las parejas sin hijos y su relación con el concepto de "familia": Un estado del arte / Investigative perspectives on couples without children and their relationship with the concept of "family": A state of the art

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue mostrar cuáles son las transformaciones que las investigaciones manifiestan sobre la familia e identificar si las parejas sin hijos son consideradas como una tipología emergente de configuración familiar. A partir de una investigación documental al modo de estado del arte, se recolectaron 35 artículos entre 1992 y 2017, que se analizaron desde una perspectiva hermenéutica a partir de los núcleos temáticos "definición y transformación del concepto de 'familia'" y "perspectivas investigativas en torno a la relación entre parejas sin hijos y familia". La mayoría concuerda con que la consanguinidad y la procreación ya no son criterios indispensables para conformar una familia, y así, las parejas sin hijos se constituyen como una nueva tipología familiar que se caracteriza por modos más equitativos, consensuales y democráticos de tomar decisiones; todo esto, bajo el contexto social de una profunda transformación de los roles de género desde el siglo XX.

Abstract The objective of the work reported was to show the transformations the research shows about the family and to identify if couples without children are considered as an emerging typology of family configuration. The importance of the relationship between the categories of family and a couple without children is that this is a time when a significant reduction in the birth rate can be seen worldwide. Furthermore, households made up of couples who state that they do not want to have children also represent a striking increase. On the other hand, this phenomenon has led to the emergence of research categories such as DINK, Childfree and NoMo families, which converge in the increase of couples without children and of women who do not wish to have children. From a documentary research under the modality of the state of the art, 35 articles were collected for this study between 1992 and 2017, which were analyzed from a hermeneutic perspective from the thematic nuclei "definition and transformation of the concept of 'family'" and "Research perspectives on the relationship between childless couples and family". The search required the following categories in Spanish and English: "significado de familia/meaning of family", "definición de familia/definition of family", "concepto de familia/family concept", "parejas sin hijos/couple without children/childfree/NoMo", "nuevas tipologías familiares/new family typologies", "familia DINK/DINK family" y "familia moderna/modern family". The databases taken into account for the study were Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet Plus, Psicodoc, EBSCO, DOAJ, Redalyc and Google Academic. Most research agrees that consanguinity and procreation are no longer essential criteria for forming a family, and thus, couples without children are constituted as a new family typology characterized by more equitable, consensual and democratic ways of making decisions. The main reason for this change is the new place that women have conquered in society after decades of struggle for their rights, favoring a questioning of the patriarchal system and the hegemonic model of the family called the nuclear family. The discussions about gender imaginaries that began with greater force in the 20th century, give a place to women in working life that, over time, has favored a questioning about the relationship between motherhood and being a woman. Research presents different criteria to define the family, which shows that this is a time when there is not one model but several family models. For its part, this diversity has been expressed not only in the dimension of social representations but also in the legal sphere; This is expressed this way, since several investigations in the field of law show transformations in Latin American constitutions by ways of understanding the family in a more plural way and based on fundamental rights. Finally, the collection of research shows that the study on the category of couples without children is incipient, that is, it corresponds to a phenomenon that, despite enjoying statistical evidence, can be considered emergent in culture insofar as its relevance corresponds to the last decades. Most studies that deal directly or indirectly with the category of childless couple, consider this form of bond as a form of family and explain how at this time this definition is mainly determined by affective criteria, values built between the members, and relational dynamics; leaving in the background the criteria of consanguinity or kinship from the nuclear model.

Adult attachment style combination, conflict resolution and relationship quality among young-adult couples / Combinación de estilo de apego adulto, resolución de conflictos y calidad de la relación en parejas de adultos jóvenes

Abstract: The objective was to analyze whether romantic partners' conflict resolution style and perceived relationship quality are influenced by the dyadic configuration of adult attachment, specifically, by: a) attachment style matching; b) the number of couple members with a secure (vs. insecure) style. A sample of 405 Spanish heterosexual couples of young adults completed an online survey. Results showed no differences between couples with matched versus unmatched attachment styles. However, the presence of one or two members in the couple with a secure style was significantly associated with higher relationship quality and lower use of dysfunctional conflict resolution styles. In conclusion, for insecurely attached young adults, it is more beneficial to be in a relationship with a securely-attached partner than with a similarly-attached partner.

Resumen: El objetivo es analizar si el estilo de resolución de conflictos de los miembros de una pareja y la calidad de la relación percibida se ven influidos por la configuración diádica del apego adulto, específicamente, por: a) la coincidencia del estilo de apego; b) el número de miembros de la pareja con un estilo seguro (vs. inseguro). Una muestra de 405 parejas heterosexuales de adultos jóvenes españoles completó una encuesta en línea. No se encuentran diferencias entre parejas con estilos de apego coincidentes frente a no coincidentes. Sin embargo, la presencia de uno o dos miembros en la pareja con estilo de apego seguro se asoció significativamente con mayor calidad de la relación y menor uso de estilos de resolución de conflictos disfuncionales. En conclusión, para los adultos jóvenes con apego adulto inseguro, es más beneficioso tener una pareja con un estilo seguro que una pareja con un estilo de apego similar.

Casais para casais: a coterapia como ação interpretativa / Couples for couples: co-therapy as interpretive action / Parejas para parejas: la coterapia como acción interpretativa / Couples pour couples: la cothérapie comme une action interprétative

RESUMO A psicoterapia influencia através de comunicações tanto implícitas quanto explícitas. Ter dois terapeutas apresenta aos casais uma nova relação com a qual os mundos internos dos parceiros podem interagir. Isso oferece uma experiência potencialmente transformadora para a integração de mentes e relacionamentos destruídos. Após uma revisão crítica dos argumentos originalmente oferecidos no Reino Unido para o uso de dois terapeutas em psicoterapia psicanalítica de casais, e incorporando pesquisas que destacam a significância do casal parental para o desenvolvimento da capacidade triangular na primeira infância, os autores - que trabalham como coterapeutas há muitos anos - consideram e ilustram o valor da coterapia como uma forma daquilo que Ogden descreveu como ação interpretativa. A ação interpretativa se relaciona com meios não verbais, pelos quais os terapeutas comunicam o seu entendimento da dinâmica intersubjetiva inconsciente que afeta o processo terapêutico.

ABSTRACT Psychotherapy influences through implicit as well as explicit communications. Having two therapists presents couples with a novel relationship with which the internal worlds of partners can interact. This offers a potentially mutative experience for integrating fractured minds and relationships. Following a critical review of the arguments originally offered in the UK for using two therapists in couple psychoanalytic psychotherapy, and incorporating research that highlights the significance of the parental couple for developing "triangular capacity" in infants, the authors (who have worked as co-therapists for many years) consider and illustrate its value as a form of what Ogden (1994) described as "interpretive action". Interpretive action relates to non-verbal means by which therapists communicate their understanding of unconscious intersubjective dynamics affecting the therapeutic process.

RESUMEN La psicoterapia influye a través de comunicaciones tanto implícitas como explícitas. Tener dos terapeutas ofrece a las parejas una nueva relación con la que sus mundos interiores pueden interactuar. Esto ofrece una experiencia potencialmente transformadora para la interacción de mentes y relaciones en crisis. Tras una revisión crítica de los argumentos originalmente ofrecidos en el Reino Unido para el uso de dos terapeutas en psicoterapia psicoanalítica de parejas, e incorporando investigaciones que destacan la significación de la pareja parental para el desarrollo de la "capacidad triangular" en la primera infancia, los autores - que trabajan como coterapeutas hace años - consideran e ilustran el valor de la coterapia como una forma de lo que Ogden (1994) describió como "acción interpretativa". La acción interpretativa se relaciona con los medios no verbales por los cuales los terapeutas comunican su entendimiento de la dinámica intersubjetiva inconsciente que afecta el proceso terapéutico.

RÉSUMÉ La psychothérapie influence par l'intermédiaire des communications aussi bien implicites qu'explicites. Le fait d'avoir deux thérapeutes offre aux couples une nouvelle relation avec laquelle peuvent interagir les mondes internes des partenaires. Cela procure une expérience potentiellement transformatrice pour l'intégration des cerveaux et les rapports ravagés. Après une révision critique des arguments originalement offerts dans le Royaume Uni concernant l'emploi de deux thérapeutes en psychothérapie psychanalytique de couples, en incorporant des recherches qui mettent en évidence la signification du couple parentale pour le développement de la « capacité triangulaire ¼ dans la petite enfance, les auteurs - qui travaillent comme cothérapeutes depuis plusieurs années - envisagent et illustrent la valeur de la cothérapie en tant qu'une espèce de ce qu'Ogden (1 944) a décrit comme une « action interprétative ¼. L'action interprétative a des rapports avec des moyens non verbaux à l'aide desquels les thérapeutes communiquent sa compréhension de la dynamique intersubjective inconsciente qui atteint le processus thérapeutique.

Validación de una escala para medir actitud hacia la infidelidad en personas mexicanas casadas de Monterrey / Validation of a Scale to Assess Attitude Towards Infi delity Among Married Mexicans from Monterrey

Resumen Se ha propuesto que la actitud de rechazo hacia la infidelidad actúa como factor protector de sexo extradiádico, el cual puede tener efectos negativos para la estabilidad de la pareja. La escala de actitud hacia exclusividad marital (ATMES, por sus siglas en inglés: Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale) es un instrumento breve. Se usa en la investigación para medir actitud hacia la infidelidad a la pareja, pero no está validado en México. Este artículo tiene como objetivos validar la ATMES y contrastar un modelo para predecir infidelidad sexual. Se usó un muestreo de rutas al azar. A 727 personas casadas mexicanas (52.8% mujeres y 47.2% hombres) se les aplicó cuatro instrumentos de medida. La consistencia interna de la ATMES fue excelente, su distribución mostró asimetría positiva y se validó el modelo de un factor. Un modelo en el que el deseo de infidelidad sexual predice la infidelidad sexual, el deseo de infidelidad sexual es predicho por actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y estas dos últimas variables correlacionadas predicen actitud hacia la infidelidad, tuvo buen ajuste a los datos. Se concluye que la ATMES es una medida unidimensional, consistente y presenta evidencias de validez de constructo.

Abstract: It has been proposed that an attitude of rejection toward infidelity acts as a protective factor from extradyadic sex, which can have negative effects for the stability of the couple. The Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale (ATMES) is a brief instrument, used in research, but it is not validated in Mexico. The objectives of this article were to validate the ATMES, and to contrast a model to predict sexual infidelity. A random-route sampling was used. A questionnaire composed of four scales was administered to 727 Mexican married persons (52.8% women and 47.2% men). The internal consistency of ATMES was excellent, the distribution of ATMES scores showed positive asymmetry, and the one-factor model was validated. A model, in which the desire for sexual infidelity predicts sexual infidelity, the desire for sexual infidelity is predicted by attitude toward infidelity, marital satisfaction and sexual sensation seeking and these last two correlated variables predict attitude toward infidelity, had a good fit to the data, and was valid for both sexes. It is concluded that ATMES is a consistent, one-dimensional measure, that shows evidence of construct validity.

Significados del amor e historias de infidelidad en parejas que inician un proceso de psicoterapia / Meanings of Love and Stories of Infidelity in Couples who Have Begun a Psychotherapeutic Process

Resumen Este artículo muestra los resultados del proyecto de investigación/intervención, denominado "Significados y Sentidos del amor en parejas con historias de infidelidad", realizado en la Universidad Santo Tomas de Bogotá (Colombia). Se realizó una apuesta por la comprensión de los significados del amor en parejas que han tenido engaños y desilusiones amorosas asociadas a infidelidades, y la intervención psicoterapéutica para la reorganización de versiones novedosas del amor, la infidelidad y el ser pareja desde una perspectiva sistémica constructivista, socio construccionista y compleja. En esta investigación, participaron dos parejas cuyo motivo de consulta se relaciona con la infidelidad, se desarrollaron 5 escenarios narrativos conversacionales con cada una de ellas, empleando dispositivos de intervención tales como: la construcción de historias, las esculturas y las metáforas. Los principales hallazgos reconocen relatos matizados de los conyugues, por imágenes idealizadas de la pareja generando sentimientos de culpabilidad, historias asociadas al silencio y sometimiento como forma de solucionar los conflictos, la deconstrucción de historias de infidelidad para reconstruir la trama narrativa de la pareja desde aspectos particulares que conectan a los enamorados, y el acontecimiento de infidelidad como posibilidad de cambio.

Abstract This article shows the results of the research/intervention project titled "Meanings and senses of love in couples with a history of infidelity", carried out in the Santo Tomas University of Bogotá (Colombia). An effort was made to understand the meanings of love in couples who have suffered from deceit and disappointment in love associated with infidelity, and who have received psychotherapeutic intervention for the configuration of new versions of love, infidelity, and being a couple from a systemic-constructivist, social-constructionist, and complex perspective. Two couples whose reason for consultation was related to infidelity participated in this research, and five conversational narrative scenarios were developed with both of them, using intervention devices such as the construction of stories, sculptures, and metaphors. The main findings show stories from the spouses that are nuanced through idealized images of the couple that generates feelings of guilt; stories associated with silence and submission as a means to resolve conflicts; the deconstruction of infidelity stories to reconstruct the couple's narrative plot based on particular aspects that connect the lovers; and the event of infidelity as a possibility for change.

Terapia on-line com casais e famílias: prática e formação na pandemia de covid-19 / Online therapy with couples and families: practice and training in the covid-19 pandemic / Terapia de parejas y familias on line: práctica y formación en la pandemia de covid-19

Resumo A pandemia de Covid-19 potencializou o já emergente processo de intensificação das conexões virtuais. Para terapeutas de casal e família, essa grave crise de saúde pública acarretou mudanças na forma de atender clientes e interagir com colegas, exigindo a rápida transição da modalidade presencial para a modalidade remota, em muitos casos. O presente estudo sistematizou conhecimentos sobre terapia on-line com casais e famílias, trazendo considerações para a prática e a formação profissional diante da pandemia. Por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura, foram sumarizados resultados de estudos empíricos, bem como recomendações sobre aspectos técnicos, éticos e formativos. Destacaram-se, em particular, potencialidades e desafios para a utilização de tecnologias da informação e da comunicação na prática clínica com casais e famílias, incluindo indicações e contraindicações, recursos mais apropriados e seguros, relação terapêutica on-line, capacitação e supervisão. Entende-se que a Covid-19 representa uma oportunidade para revisão e reflexão da prática clínica e da formação profissional de terapeutas de casal e família no Brasil, país em que as intervenções on-line permaneciam relativamente pouco exploradas até a pandemia.

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has boosted the already emerging process of virtual connections. For couple and family therapists, this major public health crisis has led to changes in the way of treating clients and interacting with colleagues, requiring rapid transition from face-to-face to remote mode, in many cases. This study systematized knowledge about online therapy with couples and families, bringing considerations for practice and professional training in the face of the pandemic. By conducting a narrative literature review, we summarized results from empirical studies, as well as recommendations on technical, ethical, and formative aspects. Specifically, we highlighted both the potential and the challenges of using information and communication technologies in clinical practice with couples and families, including indications and contraindications, more appropriate and safer resources, online therapeutic relationship, training, and supervision. Covid-19 represents an opportunity for reviewing and analyzing the clinical practice and professional training of couples and family therapists in Brazil, a country in which online interventions remained relatively little explored until the pandemic.

Resumen La pandemia de Covid-19 potenció el proceso ya emergente de conexiones virtuales. Para terapeutas de parejas y familias, esa grave emergencia de salud pública acarreó cambios en la forma de atender a clientes e interactuar con colegas, exigiendo la rápida transición de la modalidad presencial para la modalidad remota, en muchos casos. El presente estudio sistematizó conocimientos sobre terapia de parejas y familias on line, trayendo consideraciones para la práctica y la formación profesional en la pandemia. Por medio de revisión narrativa de la literatura, fueron obtenidos resultados de estudios empíricos, así como recomendaciones sobre aspectos técnicos, éticos y formativos. Se destacaron, en particular, potencialidades y desafíos para usar tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la práctica clínica con parejas y familias, incluyendo indicaciones y contraindicaciones, recursos más apropiados y seguros, relación terapéutica on line, capacitación y supervisión. Se entiende que el Covid-19 representa una oportunidad para la revisión y reflexión de la práctica clínica y de la formación profesional de terapeutas de parejas y familias en Brasil, donde las intervenciones on line permanecían relativamente poco exploradas hasta la pandemia.

Evaluation of hormonal profile and some stress biomarkers in infertile couples in Abuja, Nigeria

Background: Infertility is a growing gynaecological problem in couples of childbearing age having difficulties bearing children. Couples with infertility are known to present with high levels of stress and psychopathology A cross sectional case control study aimed at evaluating the hormonal profile, some stress biomarkers, sperm analysis in infertile couples was carried out to ascertain their contributions to infertility in couples of child bearing age.Methods: Serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Prolactin, Progesterone, Estrogen (E2), Testosterone, Salivary Cortisol and Salivary Alpha Amylase were evaluated using both competitive and non-competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques; while sperm cells analysis were evaluated using conventional methods, in 164 infertile couples (study) and 100 fertile couples (control) attending fertility clinic in General Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria.Results: The mean serum Prolactin and Salivary (S) Cortisol in the female were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the study group relative to the control group, while Salivary Alpha Amylase and LH show no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. FSH, Progesterone and E2 in the female were significantly lower in the study group (p<0.05) compared with control group. Testosterone, FSH, Sperm cells count and Sperm activity (%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the male study group relative to the control group; while prolactin, S. cortisol and S. amylase were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the male study group relative to the control group. Conclusions: Abnormal hormones values and abnormal sperm quality and quantity are associated with elevated stress biomarkers in couples presenting with infertility. Strong positive correlations exist between hormones and stress biomarker in infertility conditions.

Funcionamiento de las parejas parentales y su relación con los conflictos en familias reconstituidas / Operation of the parental couples and their relationship with the conflicts in reconstituted families

Introducción: Los problemas específicos de las familias reconstituidas se asocian con algunas características que presentan las relaciones de los miembros de la pareja actual con sus respectivas exparejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el divorcio emocional, el conflicto coparental, el parentaje paralelo y los conflictos familiares que se manifiestan a partir de la inclusión del padrastro o la madrastra en la convivencia. Métodos: Se desarrolló un enfoque mixto de investigación con un diseño de dos etapas de transformación de datos cualitativos en cuantitativos. Participaron 68 familias de la ciudad de Pinar del Río, con tiempos de inclusión del nuevo miembro en el hogar entre 6 meses y 5 años. Resultados: Todos los aspectos evaluados del funcionamiento de las parejas se relacionaron con conflictos que surgieron entre los miembros de la familia reconstituida de la unidad de convivencia e involucraron a familiares no residentes en el hogar. El conflicto coparental que se expresó en las parejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad y el divorcio emocional se relacionaron con culpas, conflictos de lealtad y conflictos relacionales; mientras el parentaje paralelo mostró una relación significativa con las culpas. Conclusiones: Las dinámicas relacionales de las parejas parentales son potencialmente conflictivas y constituyen factores de riesgo para la reconstitución familiar y la funcionalidad de las familias reconstituidas(AU)

Introduction: The specific problems of reconstituted families are associated with some characteristics that present the relationships of the members of the current couple with their respective exes since the break-up of conjugality. Objective: To identify the relationship between the emotional divorce, the co-parenting conflict, the parallel parenting and the family conflicts that are manifested from the inclusion of the stepfather or stepmother in the cohabitation. Methods: A mixed approach of research with a two-stage design of qualitative data transformation in the quantitative level. 68 families from Pinar del Rio participated, being from 6 months to 5 years the inclusion time of the new member at home. Results: All the evaluated aspects of the functioning of the couples were related to conflicts that arose between the members of the cohabitation unit in the reconstituted family and those involved family members not residing in the home. The co-parenting conflict that was expressed in the couples from the rupture of conjugality and the emotional divorce were related to guilt, conflicts of loyalty and relational conflicts; while the parallel parenting showed a significant association with the guilts. Conclusions: The relational dynamics of parental couples are potentially controversial and constitute risk factors for the family reconstitution and the functionality of the reconstituted families(AU)

Funcionamiento de las parejas parentales y su relación con los conflictos en familias reconstituidas / Operation of the parental couples and their relationship with the conflicts in reconstituted families

RESUMEN Introducción: Los problemas específicos de las familias reconstituidas se asocian con algunas características que presentan las relaciones de los miembros de la pareja actual con sus respectivas exparejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el divorcio emocional, el conflicto coparental, el parentaje paralelo y los conflictos familiares que se manifiestan a partir de la inclusión del padrastro o la madrastra en la convivencia. Métodos: Se desarrolló un enfoque mixto de investigación con un diseño de dos etapas de transformación de datos cualitativos en cuantitativos. Participaron 68 familias de la ciudad de Pinar del Río, con tiempos de inclusión del nuevo miembro en el hogar entre 6 meses y 5 años. Resultados: Todos los aspectos evaluados del funcionamiento de las parejas se relacionaron con conflictos que surgieron entre los miembros de la familia reconstituida de la unidad de convivencia e involucraron a familiares no residentes en el hogar. El conflicto coparental que se expresó en las parejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad y el divorcio emocional se relacionaron con culpas, conflictos de lealtad y conflictos relacionales; mientras el parentaje paralelo mostró una relación significativa con las culpas. Conclusiones: Las dinámicas relacionales de las parejas parentales son potencialmente conflictivas y constituyen factores de riesgo para la reconstitución familiar y la funcionalidad de las familias reconstituidas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The specific problems of reconstituted families are associated with some characteristics that present the relationships of the members of the current couple with their respective exes since the break-up of conjugality. Objective: To identify the relationship between the emotional divorce, the co-parenting conflict, the parallel parenting and the family conflicts that are manifested from the inclusion of the stepfather or stepmother in the cohabitation. Methods: A mixed approach of research with a two-stage design of qualitative data transformation in the quantitative level. 68 families from Pinar del Rio participated, being from 6 months to 5 years the inclusion time of the new member at home. Results: All the evaluated aspects of the functioning of the couples were related to conflicts that arose between the members of the cohabitation unit in the reconstituted family and those involved family members not residing in the home. The co-parenting conflict that was expressed in the couples from the rupture of conjugality and the emotional divorce were related to guilt, conflicts of loyalty and relational conflicts; while the parallel parenting showed a significant association with the guilts. Conclusions: The relational dynamics of parental couples are potentially controversial and constitute risk factors for the family reconstitution and the functionality of the reconstituted families.

A cross-sectional study on preference of tubectomy over vasectomy among eligible couples in Bengaluru, Karnataka

Background: Population policies, family planning and welfare programmes undertaken by the Government of India, have led to continuous decrease in the fertility rate but sustainability and target of net reproduction rate 1 is not yet achieved. With increase trend of adopting the permanent method of contraception by eligible couples, the preferences of tubectomy over vasectomy is still remarkable. Hence, the present study is taken up to find Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding sterilization and factors influencing it.Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted in the year 2017 among eligible couples who have completed their family size or pregnant women who came for second confinement to Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and Shreyas Maternity Home, Hoskote and Shreyas maternity home are included. An institutional ethics committee (IEC) is given on vasectomy, the better method of sterilization and responses are recorded.Results: A total 92.6% couples were aware of permanent family planning methods. Among them only 30.6% couples are aware of vasectomy. There is a significant association between number of children in a family and to undergo sterilization (p=0.02) method. Reason for not choosing vasectomy are unawareness (49.3%) and social stigma (38%) mainly. 11 couples (7.3%) changed their opinion to undergo vasectomy after giving an IEC.Conclusions: Many couples were knowledgeable about tubectomies and opted for it. Only a small number of couples changed their opinion from tubectomy to vasectomy after being given an IEC.